10 Critical Things to Check Before Buying a Used Car

Buying a used car can be an excellent way to save money, but it can also be a risky endeavor if you don't know what to look for. At Appraizrr, we've analyzed thousands of used car listings and identified the most critical inspection points that every buyer should check before making a purchase. This comprehensive guide will help you avoid costly mistakes and ensure you're getting a reliable vehicle at a fair price.

1. Vehicle History Report

Before you even see the car in person, obtain a comprehensive vehicle history report using the VIN (Vehicle Identification Number). This 17-digit code is unique to every vehicle and reveals crucial information about its past.

What to check:

• Accident history: Major accidents can cause long-term structural issues even if repairs look good on the surface.
• Title status: Avoid vehicles with salvage, rebuilt, or flood titles unless you fully understand the implications.
• Odometer readings: Look for inconsistencies that might indicate tampering.
• Service records: Regular maintenance is a good sign the car has been properly cared for.
• Number of previous owners: Generally, fewer owners is better.

2. Exterior Condition

A thorough examination of the car's exterior can reveal a lot about its condition and history. Always inspect used cars in daylight, preferably on a dry day, as water can hide imperfections.

What to check:

• Body panel alignment: Uneven gaps between panels often indicate previous accident damage and repairs.
• Paint consistency: Different shades or textures suggest repainting, possibly to cover rust or crash damage.
• Rust: Check wheel wells, door bottoms, and the undercarriage. Even small rust spots can spread quickly.
• Glass condition: Inspect all windows for cracks or chips that could spread.
• Tires: Check for even wear patterns (uneven wear suggests alignment issues) and sufficient tread depth (insert a penny into the tread; if you can see the top of Lincoln's head, the tires need replacement).

3. Engine Condition and Performance

The engine is the heart of the vehicle, and replacing it can cost thousands of dollars. A careful inspection can help you avoid major mechanical issues down the road.

What to check:

• Cold start: Ask to start the car when the engine is cold. Listen for unusual noises like knocking, clicking, or grinding.
• Fluid levels and condition: Check the oil, transmission fluid, coolant, and brake fluid for proper levels and color. Oil should be amber to light brown (not black or milky).
• Leaks: Look under the car for fluid puddles or stains. Different fluids have different colors (green/orange for coolant, brown/black for oil, red for transmission fluid).
• Engine bay: Look for corrosion, damaged hoses, or signs of amateur repairs like excessive tape or wire.
• Exhaust smoke: Blue smoke indicates burning oil, white smoke (when the engine is warm) suggests coolant leaks, and black smoke points to fuel burning issues.

4. Test Drive Performance

Never skip the test drive! This is your opportunity to assess how the car handles and to detect problems that only emerge when the vehicle is in motion.

What to check:

• Steering: The car should track straight without pulling to either side.
• Braking: Brakes should engage smoothly without pulsing, grinding, or squealing.
• Transmission: Shifts should be smooth without hesitation, lurching, or hard engagement.
• Suspension: Drive over bumps to check if the car bounces excessively or makes knocking sounds.
• Acceleration: The car should accelerate smoothly without hesitation or unusual noises.

Include various driving conditions in your test if possible—try highway speeds, stop-and-go traffic, and parking maneuvers.

5. Interior Condition and Features

The interior condition often reflects how well the previous owner maintained the entire vehicle. It's also where you'll spend all your time with the car.

What to check:

• Seat condition: Check for excessive wear, tears, or stains. Test all adjustment functions.
• Odors: Musty smells can indicate water damage or leaks. Overwhelming air freshener might be hiding something.
• Electronics: Test all features—air conditioning, heat, power windows, locks, mirrors, infotainment system, and lights.
• Instrument panel: Make sure all gauges work and no warning lights remain on after startup.
• Trunk space and spare tire: Check for water intrusion in the trunk and ensure the spare tire and jack are present and in good condition.

6. Undercarriage Inspection

The underside of a car often tells the real story about its condition, yet many buyers neglect this crucial area.

What to check:

• Frame damage: Look for bent or rusted frame components, which compromise safety.
• Exhaust system: Check for rust, holes, or non-factory repairs.
• Suspension components: Look for leaking shock absorbers or damaged springs.
• Fluid leaks: Fresh stains indicate active leaks that could be expensive to repair.
• Brake components: Check for thin brake pads or scored rotors that will need immediate replacement.

7. Electrical System

Electrical problems can be among the most frustrating and difficult to diagnose in used cars. A thorough check can help you avoid these headaches.

What to check:

• Battery: Check terminals for corrosion and look for a recent date code on the battery itself.
• Lights: Test all exterior and interior lights, including turn signals, brake lights, and high beams.
• Power accessories: Test windows, locks, mirrors, seats, sunroof, and any other powered features.
• Infotainment: Test the radio, speakers, Bluetooth connectivity, and navigation system if equipped.
• Warning lights: Ensure no warning lights remain illuminated after the initial startup sequence.

8. Documentation and Service History

The paper trail associated with a vehicle can reveal a lot about how well it's been maintained and what issues might arise in the future.

What to check:

• Maintenance records: Regular oil changes and scheduled maintenance are good indicators of a well-cared-for vehicle.
• Owner's manual: The presence of the original manual often suggests a more conscientious owner.
• Title and registration: Ensure these are clean and match the seller's identification.
• Recall notices: Check if all safety recalls have been addressed.
• Warranty information: Determine if any factory or extended warranty remains transferable.

9. Emissions and Fuel System

Emissions problems can be costly to fix and might prevent the car from being registered in some states with strict emissions testing.

What to check:

• Check engine light: This should not be on after startup and should illuminate temporarily during the initial key cycle.
• Fuel cap: A damaged seal can trigger check engine lights and affect fuel efficiency.
• Exhaust odor: Excessive exhaust smell in the cabin could indicate a leak in the exhaust system.
• Recent emissions testing: Ask for documentation of recent emissions tests, especially in states that require them.
• Fuel economy: Ask the seller about typical fuel economy; if it's significantly worse than published figures, there might be mechanical issues.

10. Price and Market Comparison

Even if a car is in excellent condition, overpaying negates the value of a used car purchase. Researching market values is essential before making an offer.

What to check:

• Market value: Compare the asking price to Kelley Blue Book, NADA Guides, or Edmunds values for the specific model, year, condition, and mileage.
• Local market: Check similar listings in your area to ensure the price is competitive.
• Cost of repairs: Factor in any needed repairs or maintenance when considering the total cost.
• Depreciation trends: Some models hold value better than others; research how the specific model typically depreciates.
• Negotiation room: Most used car prices have some negotiation room built in; prepare to make a reasonable offer backed by your research.

Final Thoughts

Buying a used car doesn't have to be a gamble. By systematically checking these 10 critical areas, you'll dramatically reduce your chances of purchasing a problematic vehicle. Remember that no used car is perfect, but knowing what flaws exist before purchasing allows you to make an informed decision about whether the car is right for you and whether the asking price is fair.

For even more protection, consider using Appraizrr when browsing Facebook Marketplace car listings. Our tool automatically flags potential issues, compares prices to market values, and gives you an instant assessment of whether a listing is a good deal—all while you browse.